What fundamental document was commissioned by the 1974 National Research Act?

The correct answer is the Belmont Report, which was commissioned by the National Research Act of 1974. This report is pivotal in the realm of research ethics, particularly as it addresses ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects involved in research. In response to concerns about the treatment of human subjects in research, especially in light of past abuses, the Belmont Report established foundational ethical principles which include respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.

These principles guide researchers in their responsibilities toward participants, ensuring that their rights, dignity, and welfare are safeguarded. The Belmont Report has shaped various institutional review boards (IRBs) and continues to inform ethical standards in research today. Understanding this report is essential for anyone involved in research methodologies, as it underscores the importance of ethical considerations in the design and execution of research studies.