What characterizes qualitative research methods?

Qualitative research methods are primarily characterized by a focus on understanding experiences, meanings, and the complexities of human behavior and social phenomena. This approach often involves gathering non-numerical data through interviews, observations, and open-ended surveys, allowing researchers to capture the depth and richness of participants' perspectives. By prioritizing context and the subjective experiences of individuals, qualitative research aims to provide a more holistic understanding of the topic being studied.

The other options reflect methods or characteristics that are typically associated with quantitative research, which relies heavily on numerical data, statistical analysis, and measurable variables. While textual analysis can be a component of qualitative research, it does not encapsulate the full breadth of qualitative methods, which also encompasses visual and auditory data. Overall, the focus on understanding human experiences makes the correct answer particularly aligned with the foundational principles of qualitative research.