In research methodology, what term describes a factor or condition that can vary?

In research methodology, the term that describes a factor or condition that can vary is "variable." A variable is a characteristic or attribute that can take on different values or categories across different individuals or observations. For example, variables can include age, gender, income level, or test scores, all of which can change or differ among the subjects being studied.

The concept of a variable is fundamental to research because it allows researchers to examine relationships, differences, and effects within and among the data they collect. Identifying and understanding variables is crucial for designing studies, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.

While the other terms relate to aspects of research, they do not accurately capture the definition of a factor that can vary. "Measure" refers to the method of quantifying a variable, "scale" typically refers to a system of measurement or categorization, and "attribute" is more about specific characteristics of a subject rather than a condition that changes. This distinction highlights why "variable" is the correct term in this context.